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Clauss Haus II at Little Switzerland

The Redwood House
Excellent
  • International Style
  • Miesian
  • Identity of Building/Site
  • History of Building/Site
  • General Description

Clauss Haus II at Little Switzerland

Clauss Haus II at Little Switzerland; Knoxville, TN

Credit

Bruce Cole

Site overview

Clauss Hauss II is an early masterpiece of American modern design, conceived by Alfred Clauss and Jane West Clauss, former employees of Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier respectively. The pair chose to create a radical new housing development in an unexpected location, the ridge of Brown's Mountain near Knoxville, Tennessee. Although only completing five of the original ten planned houses, the Clauss' development of Little Switzerland is likely the first enclave of International style houses in the US. This residence, the second one occupied by the couple, has been extensively renovated since 2015 in order to not only bring it back to peak form but preserve the original forward-thinking design.

Clauss Haus II at Little Switzerland

Site overview

Clauss Hauss II is an early masterpiece of American modern design, conceived by Alfred Clauss and Jane West Clauss, former employees of Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier respectively. The pair chose to create a radical new housing development in an unexpected location, the ridge of Brown's Mountain near Knoxville, Tennessee. Although only completing five of the original ten planned houses, the Clauss' development of Little Switzerland is likely the first enclave of International style houses in the US. This residence, the second one occupied by the couple, has been extensively renovated since 2015 in order to not only bring it back to peak form but preserve the original forward-thinking design.

Awards

Design

Citation of Merit

Residential

2022

A Residential Design Citation of Merit is given for the restoration of Clauss Haus II at Little Switzerland, completed in 1941. Clauss Hauss II is an early masterpiece of American modern design, conceived by Alfred and Jane West Clauss, former employees of Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier respectively. The pair chose to create a radical new housing development in an unexpected location, the ridge of Brown's Mountain near Knoxville, Tennessee. Although only completing five of the original ten planned houses, the Clauss' development of Little Switzerland is an early and rare example of an enclave of International Style homes in the US. This residence, the second one occupied by the couple, has been extensively renovated since 2015, bringing it back to peak form and preserving the original forward-thinking design. Exemplary efforts were made to retain and restore the redwood doors, window sashes, frames and siding, and replace only as needed. A multi-stage program to remove thick layers of paint from the siding was initiated and will continue as part of a long-term maintenance plan. 

“It is worth applauding the careful material aspects of timber and window repair and conservation, which is always a challenge.”

- Susan Macdonald, ICCROM, RIBA, PIA, 2022 Jury member

 

“The modesty of the home paired with the strength of its transformation is to be admired.”

- Caroline Constant, 2022 Jury member
Client

John L. Sanders, FAIA

Restoration Team

Sanders Pace Architecture (Architect of Record): John L. Sanders, FAIA (Principal-in-Charge), Michael K. Aktalay, Assoc. AIA, Madison Butler; Robert Fuhrig, John L. Sanders, FAIA, and Jeffery Epperson (General Contractors); George Dodds, PhD (Nomination Narrative) 

Primary classification

Residential (RES)

Designations

Part of Little Switzerland Historic District (est. 2016) in Knox County, TN

How to Visit

Private residence

Location

Claus Hauss II

Little Switzerland Road
Knoxville, Tennessee, 37920

Country

United States

Case Study House No. 21

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Clauss Haus II at Little Switzerland; Knoxville, TN

Credit:

Bruce Cole

Related News

Announcing the winners of the 2022 Modernism in America Awards

Award, Modernism in America

September 12, 2022
Commission

1940

Completion

1941

Original Brief

Clauss Hauss II's origins go back to its namesake, the couple Alfred and Jane West Clauss. They had purchased the upper portion of an ongoing development on the outskirts of Knoxville, TN of simple log cabin style houses, called "Little Switzerland." The couple's vision entailed 10 International Style houses along the ridge of Brown's Mountain, cohesive as a unit but varied, providing stellar views of the Great Smoky and Cumberland Mountains. The pair were architecturally knowledgeable, with Alred having left Mies van der Rohe's Austria office in 1930 and Jane West working under LeCorbusier until 1934. However, only half of their original ten houses were completed before their careers whisked them away to Philadelphia, however they left behind what is likely the first realize enclave of International Style houses in the US. The Redwood House, as it's commonly known, is the second house built by the Clauss couple for their growing family, designed and constructed whilst the Clausses were living on the site in 1939. The house's current owner purchased it in 2015 before embarking on a $290,000 renovation, guided by the NPS Preservation Standards while anticipating a future application to the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

General Description

Clauss Hauss II has undergone significant renovations since its purchase in 2015. The previously appended sloped rooves were removed and the original flat rooves were reestablished with new membrane surfaces. The original hidden roof access with a ships ladder within the Living Room's built-in cabinetry was reactivated as well. Warped and decayed redwood was replaced with newly milled pieces, matching the same "Dolly Varden" style as the original. The existing redwood siding was covered with thick layers of red paint, and required a multi-step restoration process of Peel Away products, pressure washing, sanding, and coating with a no-stain UV stable sealer. On the interior of the residence, 20' x 40' floor plates with 800 sq ft underpin the three major revisions made in the spirit of the original plan diagram. This involved reducing the number of bedrooms and changing the configuration of certain rooms such as the kitchen and dining space to make them contiguous. A notable innovation that remains is the "Split foyer" entryway, the first of its kind in the United States and implemented throughout Little Switzerland. The renovation took over five years and enormous effort, with all new work being designed in response to what remained of the original structure.

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